An Application Load Balancer (ALB) is a Layer 7 load balancer that routes HTTP/HTTPS (and gRPC) traffic based on the content of the request, such as the URL path, host header, or query parameters [citation:1].
An Application Load Balancer (ALB) operates at the request level (Layer 7 of the OSI model), making it ideal for load balancing HTTP and HTTPS traffic. Unlike a basic load balancer, an ALB can make routing decisions based on the content of the request. This allows you to route traffic to different target groups based on the request's path (/checkout vs /payment), host header (mobile vs web app), HTTP headers, HTTP methods, query parameters, or source IP address [citation:1].